# event

我们平时开发工作中,处理组件间的通讯,原生的交互,都离不开事件。对于一个组件元素,我们不仅仅可以绑定原生的 DOM 事件,还可以绑定自定义事件,非常灵活和方便。那么接下来我们从源码角度来看看它的实现原理。

为了更加直观,我们通过一个例子来分析它的实现:

let Child = {
  template: '<button @click="clickHandler($event)">' +
  'click me' +
  '</button>',
  methods: {
    clickHandler(e) {
      console.log('Button clicked!', e)
      this.$emit('select')
    }
  }
}

let vm = new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  template: '<div>' +
  '<child @select="selectHandler" @click.native.prevent="clickHandler"></child>' +
  '</div>',
  methods: {
    clickHandler() {
      console.log('Child clicked!')
    },
    selectHandler() {
      console.log('Child select!')
    }
  },
  components: {
    Child
  }
})

# 编译

先从编译阶段开始看起,在 parse 阶段,会执行 processAttrs 方法,它的定义在 src/compiler/parser/index.js 中:

export const onRE = /^@|^v-on:/         // click事件
export const dirRE = /^v-|^@|^:/        // 自定义事件
export const bindRE = /^:|^v-bind:/     // 动态指令
function processAttrs (el) {
  const list = el.attrsList
  let i, l, name, rawName, value, modifiers, isProp
  for (i = 0, l = list.length; i < l; i++) {
    name = rawName = list[i].name
    value = list[i].value
    if (dirRE.test(name)) {   // 匹配v-或者@开头的指令
      el.hasBindings = true
      modifiers = parseModifiers(name)
      if (modifiers) {
        name = name.replace(modifierRE, '')
      }
      if (bindRE.test(name)) {  // v-bind分支
        // ..
      } else if (onRE.test(name)) {     // v-on分支
        name = name.replace(onRE, '')
        addHandler(el, name, value, modifiers, false, warn)
      } else {
        // ...
      }
    } else {
      // ...
    }
  }
}

function parseModifiers (name: string): Object | void {
  const match = name.match(modifierRE)
  if (match) {
    const ret = {}
    match.forEach(m => { ret[m.slice(1)] = true })
    return ret
  }
}

在对标签属性的处理过程中,判断如果是指令,首先通过 parseModifiers 解析出修饰符,然后判断如果事件的指令,则执行 addHandler(el, name, value, modifiers, false, warn) 方法,它的定义在 src/compiler/helpers.js 中:

export function addHandler (
  el: ASTElement,
  name: string,
  value: string,
  modifiers: ?ASTModifiers,
  important?: boolean,
  warn?: Function
) {
  modifiers = modifiers || emptyObject
  // warn prevent and passive modifier
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (
    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn &&
    modifiers.prevent && modifiers.passive
  ) {
    warn(
      'passive and prevent can\'t be used together. ' +
      'Passive handler can\'t prevent default event.'
    )
  }

  // check capture modifier
  if (modifiers.capture) {
    delete modifiers.capture
    name = '!' + name // mark the event as captured
  }
  if (modifiers.once) {
    delete modifiers.once
    name = '~' + name // mark the event as once
  }
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (modifiers.passive) {
    delete modifiers.passive
    name = '&' + name // mark the event as passive
  }

  // normalize click.right and click.middle since they don't actually fire
  // this is technically browser-specific, but at least for now browsers are
  // the only target envs that have right/middle clicks.
  if (name === 'click') {
    if (modifiers.right) {
      name = 'contextmenu'
      delete modifiers.right
    } else if (modifiers.middle) {
      name = 'mouseup'
    }
  }
  // events 用来记录绑定的事件
  let events
  if (modifiers.native) {
    delete modifiers.native
    events = el.nativeEvents || (el.nativeEvents = {})
  } else {
    events = el.events || (el.events = {})
  }

  const newHandler: any = {
    value: value.trim()
  }
  if (modifiers !== emptyObject) {
    newHandler.modifiers = modifiers
  }

  const handlers = events[name]
  // 绑定的事件可以多个,回调也可以多个,最终会合并到数组中
  if (Array.isArray(handlers)) {
    important ? handlers.unshift(newHandler) : handlers.push(newHandler)
  } else if (handlers) {
    events[name] = important ? [newHandler, handlers] : [handlers, newHandler]
  } else {
    events[name] = newHandler
  }

  el.plain = false
}

addHandler 函数看起来长,实际上就做了 3 件事情,首先根据 modifier 修饰符对事件名 name 做处理,接着根据 modifier.native 判断是一个纯原生事件还是普通事件,分别对应 el.nativeEventsel.events,最后按照 name 对事件做归类,并把回调函数的字符串保留到对应的事件中。

在我们的例子中,父组件的 child 节点生成的 el.eventsel.nativeEvents 如下:

el.events = {
  select: {
    value: 'selectHandler'
  }
}

el.nativeEvents = {
  click: {
    value: 'clickHandler',
    modifiers: {
      prevent: true
    }
  }
}

// 子组件的button节点生成的el.event如下
el.events = {
  click: {
    value: 'clickHandler($event)'
  }
}

然后在 codegen 的阶段,会在 genData 函数中根据 AST 元素节点上的 eventsnativeEvents 生成 data 数据,它的定义在 src/compiler/codegen/index.js 中:

export function genData (el: ASTElement, state: CodegenState): string {
  let data = '{'
  // ...
  if (el.events) {
    data += `${genHandlers(el.events, false, state.warn)},`
  }
  if (el.nativeEvents) {
    data += `${genHandlers(el.nativeEvents, true, state.warn)},`
  }
  // ...
  return data
}

# DOM 事件

# 自定义事件